3.1 Ukuhlanganisa Okuqondile
Abathengi abakhulu bemikhiqizo kagesi ene-low-voltage amafekthri emishini egcwele i-low-voltage.Laba basebenzisi abaphakathi bathenga izingxenye zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi, bese bezihlanganisa zibe amasethi aphelele we-low-voltage wamadivayisi afana namaphaneli okusabalalisa amandla, amabhokisi okusabalalisa amandla, amaphaneli okuvikela, namaphaneli okulawula, bese ewathengisela abasebenzisi.Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwabakhiqizi, abakhiqizi abaphakathi kanye nabakhiqizi bezingxenye bayaqhubeka nokuhlanganisa omunye nomunye: abakhiqizi bendabuko abakhiqiza izingxenye kuphela nabo sebeqalile ukukhiqiza amasethi aphelele wemishini, futhi abakhiqizi bendabuko abaphakathi nabo baye bangenelela ekukhiqizeni okuphansi-. izingxenye zikagesi we-voltage ngokutholwa, ama-joint ventures, njll.
3.2 I-Belt and Road Initiative ikhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke
Umongo wesu lezwe lami elithi “Ibhande Elilodwa, Umgwaqo Owodwa” uwukuthuthukisa amandla okukhiqiza eChina kanye nokuphuma kwemali.Ngakho-ke, njengenye yezimboni ezihamba phambili ezweni lami, inqubomgomo kanye nokwesekwa kwezimali kuzosiza amazwe asendleleni ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamagridi kagesi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvuleke imakethe ebanzi yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kagesi yezwe lami.I-Southeast Asia, Central and South Asia, West Asia, Africa, Latin America namanye amazwe asalele emuva ekwakhiweni kukagesi.Ngokuthuthuka komnotho wezwe kanye nokukhuphuka kokusetshenziswa kukagesi, ukwakhiwa kwegridi kagesi kufanele kusheshiswe.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi emishini yasekhaya ezweni lethu kubuyele emuva kwezobuchwepheshe, kuncike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, futhi akukho mkhuba wokuvikela wendawo.Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi aseShayina azosheshisa ijubane lokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke ngokusebenzisa ithuba lokuvela kwe-spillover ye-Belt and Road Initiative.Umbuso ubulokhu unamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthunyelweni kwempahla kagesi enamandla aphansi, futhi unikeze ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nesikhuthazo, njengezaphulelo zentela ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ukuxegiswa kwamalungelo okungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, njll. Ngakho-ke, isimo senqubomgomo yasekhaya yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe. imikhiqizo kagesi ene-voltage ephansi mihle kakhulu.
3.3 Ukuguquka ukusuka kumfutho ophansi ukuya kumfutho ophakathi nendawo nophezulu
Eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweyi-10, imboni kagesi ene-low-voltage izobona uguquko ukusuka ku-low-voltage ukuya ku-medium-high-voltage, imikhiqizo ye-analog ukuya emikhiqizweni yedijithali, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ukuqedela amasethi amaphrojekthi, maphakathi no-low-end kuya maphakathi no-high. -ukuphela, kanye nokwanda okukhulu kokugxila.Ngokukhula kwemishini emikhulu yokulayisha kanye nokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuze kwehliswe ukulahleka kolayini, amazwe amaningi akhuthaza ngamandla amandla kagesi angu-660V ezimbonini zezimayini, ze-petroleum, zamakhemikhali nezinye.I-International Electrotechnical Commission futhi incoma ngokuqinile i-660V kanye ne-1000V njengama-voltage enhloso ejwayelekile yezimboni, futhi i-660V isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yezimayini yezwe lami.Ngokuzayo, izinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi zizophinde zandise amandla kagesi alinganisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthathelwe indawo "izinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephakathi".Umhlangano owawuseMannheim, eJalimane uphinde wavuma ukukhuphula izinga likagesi eliphansi libe ngu-2000V.
3.4 Igxile kumenzi, iqhutshwa ngendlela emisha
Izinkampani zikagesi zasekhaya ezine-voltage ephansi ngokuvamile azinawo amakhono anele okusungula izinto ezintsha futhi azinawo amandla okuncintisana emakethe.Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu, kodwa futhi kusukela kusixazululo sonke sesistimu, futhi kusukela ohlelweni kuya kuwo wonke amandla okusabalalisa, ukuvikela, kanye nezingxenye zokulawula, kusukela kwamandla anamandla kuya kwamandla abuthakathaka. zixazululwe.Isizukulwane esisha sezinto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile ezine-voltage ephansi zinezici eziphawulekayo zokusebenza okuphezulu, i-multi-function, usayizi omncane, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ukonga amandla nokonga impahla.Phakathi kwazo, isizukulwane esisha sama-circuit breaker, ama-circuit breaker abunjiwe, nama-circuit breaker anokuvikela okukhethekile kunikeza isisekelo sohlelo lwezwe lami lokusatshalaliswa kwamandla aphansi ukuze kuzuzwe uhla olugcwele (kuhlanganise nohlelo lokusabalalisa amandla esigcinalwazi) kanye namanje ngokugcwele. ukuvikela okukhethiwe, futhi unikeze isisekelo sokuthuthukisa amasistimu okusabalalisa amandla kagesi aphansi.Ukuthembeka kokuphakelwa kwamandla esistimu kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kunethuba elibanzi kakhulu lentuthuko emakethe ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu [4].Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizukulwane esisha sabathintana nabo, isizukulwane esisha se-ATSE, isizukulwane esisha se-SPD namanye amaphrojekthi nawo asathuthukiswa ngenkuthalo, okungeza amandla okuhola imboni ukuthi ikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukuqamba okusha okuzimele embonini nokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwabaphansi. -imboni kagesi kagesi.
3.5 Ukwenza idijithi, ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi, ubuhlakani kanye nokuxhumana
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kufake amandla amasha ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo kagesi ene-voltage ephansi.Esikhathini lapho yonke into ixhunyiwe futhi yonke into ihlakaniphile, ingase iqalise "ukuguqulwa" okusha kwemikhiqizo kagesi ene-voltage ephansi.Imishini kagesi ene-low-voltage idlala indima enkulu kulokhu kuguquguquka, futhi izosebenza njengesixhumi sazo zonke izinto, ixhuma zonke iziqhingi eziqhelile zazo zonke izinto kanye nawo wonke umuntu ku-ecosystem ehlangene.Ukuze kuqhamuke ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi kanye nenethiwekhi, amasu amathathu ngokuvamile asetshenziswa.Eyokuqala ukuthuthukisa izinto zokusebenza ezintsha zokuxhumanisa, ezixhunywe phakathi kwenethiwekhi kanye nezingxenye zikagesi zendabuko ezine-voltage ephansi;okwesibili ukuthola noma ukwandisa imisebenzi yokuxhumana kwamakhompiyutha emikhiqizweni yendabuko;okwesithathu ukuthuthukisa ngokuqondile ukuxhumana kwekhompiyutha kanye nemisebenzi yokuxhumana yemishini emisha kagesi.
3.6 Isizukulwane sesine sezinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi sizoba yisona esijwayelekile
Imikhiqizo kagesi yesizukulwane sesine ye-low-voltage ayigcini nje ngokuzuza izici zemikhiqizo yesizukulwane sesithathu, kodwa futhi ijulisa izici ezihlakaniphile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezici eziphawulekayo ezifana nokusebenza okuphezulu, imisebenzi eminingi, i-miniaturization, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ukonga amandla nokonga impahla.Imikhiqizo emisha ngokuqinisekile izoshayela futhi ihole ekusetshenzisweni nasekuthuthukisweni komzuliswano omusha wobuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo embonini kagesi ene-voltage ephansi, futhi izosheshisa nokuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke imboni yomkhiqizo kagesi ene-voltage ephansi.Eqinisweni, ukuncintisana emakethe kagesi we-low-voltage ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ubulokhu ushubile.Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-1990, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhuthazwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi wesizukulwane sesithathu osebenzisa amandla kagesi aphansi ezweni lami kwaqondana nokuphothulwa nokukhuthazwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi yesizukulwane sesithathu ene-voltage ephansi.I-Schneider, i-Siemens, i-ABB, i-GE, i-Mitsubishi, i-Moeller, i-Fuji kanye nabanye abakhiqizi bakagesi abanamandla aphansi bakwamanye amazwe baye bethula imikhiqizo yesizukulwane sesine ngokulandelana.Imikhiqizo inokuthuthuka okusha ezinkomba ezibanzi zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho, ukwakheka komkhiqizo nokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha.Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhuthazwa kwesizukulwane sesine sezinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi ezweni lami kuzoba ukugxila kwemboni isikhathi esithile esikhathini esizayo.
3.7 Ithrendi Yokuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Nokusebenza Komkhiqizo
Njengamanje, imikhiqizo kagesi yasekhaya ene-voltage ephansi iyathuthuka ibheke ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, i-miniaturization, idijithali, i-modularization, inhlanganisela, i-electronics, intelligence, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye.Kunobuchwepheshe obuningi obusha obuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi, njengobuchwepheshe besimanje bokuklama, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronic, ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile, ubuchwepheshe obuthembekile, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo gxila kubuchwepheshe obusha bokuvikela okudlulele.Izoshintsha ngokuyisisekelo umqondo wokukhetha i-low-voltage circuit breaker.Okwamanje, nakuba uhlelo lwezwe lami lokusabalalisa amandla kagesi aphansi kanye nezinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi zinokuvikeleka okukhethekile, ukuvikela okukhethiwe akuphelele.Isizukulwane esisha se-low-voltage circuit breaker siphakamisa umqondo wokuvikela okukhethiwe kwamanje kanye nobubanzi obugcwele.
3.8 Ukushintsha izimakethe
Abakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi abangenalo ikhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe bokuklama umkhiqizo, umthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nemishini bazobhekana nokuqedwa ekushintsheni kabusha imboni.Amabhizinisi anesizukulwane sesithathu nesesine semikhiqizo kagesi yamandla aphansi aphakathi nendawo naphezulu, anekhono lawo lokuqamba izinto ezintsha kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe azophinde agqame emqhudelwaneni wezimakethe.Amanye amabhizinisi azokwehlukanisa abe amazinga amabili ochwepheshe abancane kanye nokujwayelekile okukhulu.Owokuqala ubekwe endaweni yokugcwalisa imakethe futhi uzoqhubeka nokuhlanganisa imakethe yemikhiqizo yawo yobuchwepheshe;lesi sakamuva sizoqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo saso semakethe, sithuthukise umugqa womkhiqizo, futhi silwele ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngamasevisi abanzi.Abanye abakhiqizi bazophuma embonini bangene kwezinye izimboni ezinenzuzo ethe xaxa njengamanje.
3.9 Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqondisa kwamazinga ezinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo kagesi ene-voltage ephansi, uhlelo olujwayelekile luzothuthukiswa kancane kancane.Ngokuzayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo kagesi ene-voltage ephansi kuzobonakala ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni ehlakaniphile, enezindawo zokuxhumana, ukuklama okuthembekile, nokugcizelela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokonga amandla.Ngokuvumelana nethrendi yentuthuko, izindinganiso ezine zobuchwepheshe zidinga ukufundwa ngokushesha: izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezingahlanganisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwemikhiqizo yakamuva, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kokusetshenziswa, nokusebenza kokunakekela;ukuxhumana komkhiqizo nokusebenza komkhiqizo nezidingo zokuxhumana.Ukusebenzisana okuhle;ukwakha ukwethembeka kanye namazinga endlela yokuhlola emikhiqizweni ehlobene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi kwandise ikhono lokuncintisana nemikhiqizo yangaphandle;ukwakha uchungechunge lwamazinga okuklama okuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nezindinganiso zokonga ugesi emikhiqizweni kagesi ene-voltage ephansi, liqondise futhi Limise ukukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa “kwezinto zikagesi eziluhlaza” ezonga amandla nezinobungani nemvelo [5].
3.10 Green Revolution
Inguquko eluhlaza yekhabhoni ephansi, ukonga amandla, ukonga impahla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kube nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni.Inkinga yezokuphepha kwezemvelo emhlabeni wonke emele ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu isigqame kakhulu, futhi ubuchwepheshe bukagesi obunama-voltage aphansi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulondoloza amandla sebuphenduke umngcele kanye nezindawo ezishisayo zokuncintisana kwezobuchwepheshe.Kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile, ngaphezu kwekhwalithi kanye nentengo yezinto zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi, banaka kakhulu ukonga amandla kanye nokusebenza kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokomthetho, umbuso wenze nezidingo zokuvikela imvelo kanye nokusebenza okonga amandla kwemikhiqizo kagesi ene-voltage ephansi esetshenziswa amabhizinisi nabasebenzisi bezakhiwo zezimboni.Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukwakha izinto zikagesi eziluhlaza nokonga amandla ngokuncintisana okuyinhloko futhi sinikeze amakhasimende izixazululo eziphephile, ezihlakaniphile neziluhlaza kagesi.Ukufika kwenguquko eluhlaza kuletha kokubili izinselelo namathuba kubakhiqizi embonini kagesi ene-voltage ephansi [5].
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-01-2022
